6.1 食物字彙

學習英文最終目的不外是為了要到英語系國家觀光、留學、經商、移民等。不論目的為何,到了這些歐美先進國家都必須以英文應付日常生活,民以食為天,日常生活最重要的就是吃,入境問俗,最能表現的也就是吃,因此本章生活常識最先介紹的就是西方食品方面的單字及常識。

前言


美國是民族大溶爐,在吃的方面廣受各種族影響,影響最大的首推義大利,墨西哥則次之。因此,在食物名稱上很多都是義大利文例如Salami, Bologna,或西班牙文,例如Enchilada, Burrito等。很多食物名稱,英文字典上是查不到的,但日常生活中處處可見,在實用上,要知道是什麼,要瞭解其意義,中文翻譯是不重要的,本書所列中文翻譯,參考而已。

相信一般讀者都知道Banana, Apple, Peach, Lemon, Grape, Ham, Orange, Pork, Chicken, Fish, Rice, Mushroom, Tomato, Potato, Onion, Corn, Celery, Leek, Noodle, Salt, Sugar, Soy Sauce, Hot Sauce, Vinegar, Pepper, Butter, Cheese等。既然大家都知道這些單字,因此不是本書重點,本書注重一些,讀英文時通常讀不到,但美國社會,到處看得到的食物名稱,例如Tuna, Lettuce, Sirloin, Pasta, Salami, Pepperoni, Macaroni, Anchovy, Tortilla, Cheddar, Swiss, Coleslaw, Sour Cream, Whipped Cream, ...等等。。

天然食物,如肉類,蔬菜等名稱,英翻中,中翻英,可以完全相通。但加工過的食物,英文直接翻譯成中文,其實沒有多大意義,原因是東西方食物加工方式不相同,例如麵粉加工後有各種不同的形狀,乾肉的製作方式或香料不同,然後形狀又有圓筒狀,塊狀,腸節狀等。因此,Spaghetti, Macaroni, Fettuccini等通常都翻譯成「義大利麵」,Sausage, Salami, Pepperoni等都可翻譯成「香腸或臘腸」,但事實上,這些簡單翻譯並不能實際瞭解這些食物。

中西方食物不同,很難靠語言上的翻譯而瞭解:

(一) 西方所謂的「Noodle」,形狀上不同於中國的「麵」;我們的「炒飯」,在美國也叫Fried Rice,但我們的「白飯」,在美國叫做Steamed Rice而不是White Rice;西方人根本不會將蔥與蛋炒在一起,所以Scrambled Eggs,並不是我們的「炒蛋」,大部份中國人吃不慣。

(二) 中國的麵食品有寬麵、細麵、刀削麵、包子、饅頭等,洋人如果沒見過沒吃過,無論你如何翻譯,他也搞不清楚;同樣的,西方的麵食品有各種的Bread,例如Biscuit, Croissant, Muffin等,各種的Pasta,例如Fettuccini, Macaroni, Spaghetti等,我們如果沒見過沒吃過,無論如何翻譯,我們也搞不清楚。

我們要正確認識西方飲食方面的單字,首先要確實搞清楚意思,再以眼見為實,直接記憶英文,不需要翻譯成中文,例如現在大家都知道Pizza,因為經常吃,翻譯成「比薩」又有何意義呢?平常我們不就常說「今天晚上吃Pizza吧」,幾乎沒人會說「今天晚上吃比薩吧」。因此,本章部份西方食物單字,加以詳細解釋,中文翻譯參考而已,如果讀者瞭解或吃過之後,就可以將中文翻譯忘掉,因為我們是在學英文,不是在學中文。

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超市分類
Baked goods烘製食品(如麵包)

Beverages 飲料

Canned goods 罐頭食品

Dairy products 乳製

  Frozen foods 冷凍食品

Groceries 雜貨

Produce 蔬果類

Deli 現成新鮮的食品

美國近年來流行Organic Foods (free of chemical and residues NO pesticide)是指沒有使用殺蟲劑、化學肥料的天然栽種的蔬果,目前爭議之處是,利用淤泥等地方栽種的食物可否販售。

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穀類
Cereal 1.榖類的通稱,wheat, rye, maize 等

2.用Cereal做成的早餐食物

Wheat 小麥,its grain (榖粒)used in making flour
Barley 大麥,cereal used as food and in spirits(製烈酒常用)
Oat 燕麥,cereal plant之一種
Rye 裸麥,cereal plant之一種
Maize 玉蜀黍
Corn 玉蜀黍
Grain 穀粒,seeds of wheat, corn etc
Meal 穀類磨成的粉,powder ground from grain
Oatmeal 麥片粉,meal ground from oats
Flour 麵粉,meal or powder from ground wheat
Starch 1.澱粉polysaccharide(多糖類) from cereal or potatoes

2.Corn Starch玉蜀黍粉,類似太白粉

Bran Grain husks(外皮莢殼) separated from flour(麩糠)

 
 
麵粉製品
Bread 麵包的總稱,made of flour or meal mixed with water milk and baked(麵粉及水混合後,再烘烤)
Cake 蛋糕,food in a flat round shape或a flat round shape mass of dough baked or fried(圓扁形狀麵製品通稱)
Crust 硬餅皮,hard outer part of bread, hard dry scrap of bread(麵製品的乾硬外部)
Noodle a little piece of dried dough sometimes put in soup 短短一截截的(與中國麵不同意思)
Paste 1.mixture of powder and liquid(麵粉與水的混合)

2.麵團,mixture of flour, water, fat(麵粉、水及油)

Pasta dried paste in various shape(加工過的不同形狀Paste)

1. spaghetti(long thin strands細長狀)

2. lasagne(sheets薄板狀,flat rectangle form pasta)

3. noodle(strip of pasta短條狀)

Pastry 糕點,dough of flour, fat, and water 
Pie baked dish of meat, fish, fruit etc. with a top and base of pastry(將肉、水果包在麵粉肉烤成的食物)
Dough 生麵團,thick mixture of flour and liquid for baking, 接著可烘烤為麵包用的sourdough(麵筋)
Tortilla 扁玉蜀黍餅,thin flat Mexican maize cake,有flour tortillas, corn tortillas兩種(類似我們吃烤鴉時用來包烤鴉的皮)
Taco Shell Taco的皮
Chip 形狀小小一片,例如Potato chips, tortilla chips, corn chips等點心食品

 
 
麵包
Biscuit 鬆脆之麵包,flat thin crispy unleavened cake
Muffin 鬆軟的麵包,light flat round spongy cake
Bun 圓形狀麵包,small sweet bread roll(三明治用)
Croissant 半月形狀麵包,crescent-shaped breakfast roll
Toast 土司麵包,sliced bread browned on both sides by radiant heat(兩側烤成brown)
White Bread 白麵包
Wheat Bread 加麥片麵包
Bagel ring shaped bread roll(環形硬麵包,早餐食物)
Doughnut 甜甜圈,small fried cake of sweetened dough
Waffle 餅之一種,small crisp batter cake
Roll 捲筒形狀麵包
Rye Bread 裸麥麵包
Pumpernickel German whole meal rye bread
Stick 麵包條,細小短且硬
Strip 麵包條,細長且軟
Croutons 碎麵包片
Crumb 麵包屑
Brown 麵包之一種,bread made from whole meal or wheat meal flour
Hash Brown 薯餅,肉茉及馬鈴薯混合物,早餐
Pita flat hollow unleavened bread which can be split and filled

 
 
Pasta
Fettuccini 常寬麵條,long, thin
Macaroni 短管狀麵條,small pasta tubes(沙拉常用)
Lasagne 片狀或塊狀,Sheets
Penne 短麵條,short
Spaghetti 細長麵條,Italian pasta of narrow long rods
全都是

義大利麵

Bucatini, Gemelli, Linguini, Manicotti, Rotini, Tagliarini, Tagliatelle, Tortellini, Rigatoni, Fusilli, Vermicelli, Ziti, Zucchini

 
 
肉類
Meat 肉類通稱,animal flesh as food(可食用的動物的肉)
Lean meat 瘦肉,contain little fat
Fat meat 肥肉
Poultry 家禽總稱,duck, goose, turkey, chicken等
Seafood 海產,sea fish as food
Loin side and back of the body between the ribs and the hip-bones(腰部的肉)
Tenderloin middle part of pork loin(牛豬腰部的軟肉)
Sirloin upper and choicer part of a loin of beef(牛的腰肉的上部)
T-bone T-shaped bone in steak from the thin end of a loin(腰骨肉)
Porterhouse choice cut of beef (指定牛肉的部位),例如Porterhouse steak即是上等牛排之意
Beef 牛肉,flesh of ox, bull, cow as food
Veal 小牛肉,Calf‘s flesh as food
Pork 豬肉,flesh of pig as food
Mutton 羊肉,flesh of sheep, goat as food
Lamb 小羊肉,young sheep‘s flesh as food
Meat ball 肉丸,small round ball of chopped meat
Meatloaf 肉塊
Steak 1.肉排,thick slice of meat, especially beef, usually grilled or fired(但通常指牛排)

2.Porthouse steak(指定部位的上等牛排)

Fillet 無骨的肉片,boneless piece of meat or fish

Flesh 與Meat的中文翻譯都是「肉」,Flesh是通稱,凡附在動物骨頭上的東西都叫flesh,植物的果肉也是flesh;Meat則是指可食用的肉類flesh as food,也就是雞豬牛羊等的肉。

●英文中 「豬牛羊」與「豬牛羊肉」是不同的單字,牛有很多種不同的牛,但牛肉都叫Beef,其他如Pork, Mutton, Veal,因此要說I like to have some beef,不是說I like to have some cow meat,要說I like to have some pork,不是說I like to have some pig meat

●我們中餐的排骨飯的排骨指的是「豬排」,並不須要特別說明;而西方的Steak,則是指「Beef Steak牛排」,也不須特別說明,這就是文化的不同,西方人主要吃牛肉,中國人主要吃豬肉

●事實上,Steak是肉排,豬排是Pork Steak(但好像沒看到西方人吃豬排),魚排是Fish Fillet,因為西方人祇吃去骨的魚

Beef :
 
Brisket 胸部

Chuck 肩頭部

Rib 肋骨部份

Top Loin 上腰部

T-Bone 丁骨牛排

  Tenderloin Steak 中腰部牛排

Sirloin Steak 上腰部牛排

Top Round 臀上部

Bottom Round 臀下部

Porterhouse Steak 上等牛排

Chicken & Turkey :
 
Whole Breast 雞胸肉

Wing 雞翅

  Drumstick 小雞腿

Thigh 大雞腿

Seafood :
 
Haddock 鱈魚之一種

Halibut 比目魚之一種

Lobster 龍蝦

Oyster 牡蠣

Pollack 鱈魚之一種

Trout 鱒魚

Scallop 海扇貝

Shrimp 小蝦

Prawn 大蝦明蝦,

Perch 鱸魚

  Salmon 鮭魚

Catfish 鯰魚

Crab 蟹

Clam 蛤

Cod 鱈魚之一種

Flounder 比目魚之一種

Whiting 鱈魚之一種

Tuna 鮪魚

Anchovy 鯷魚(Pizza常用)

 

 

 
 
乾肉
Sausage 香腸,或臘腸,minced meat in a cylindrical edible skin(將剁碎的肉包在管狀的肉皮內)
Pepperoni beef or pork sausage seasoned with pepper
Bologna 義大利sausage 之一種
Genoa 義大利sausage 之一種
Salami 義大利sausage 之一種
Pastrami 燻牛肉之一種,seasoned smoked beef
Bacon 燻肉,cured meat from the back or sides of a pig(將豬肉的背部的肉以燻醃後再曬乾)
Ham 火腿,upper part of a pig‘s leg salted and dried or smoked(將豬腿肉的上半部鹽漬後再曬乾)

 
 
點心Snack
Refreshments 小吃點心的通稱,food or drink
Cake a flat round shape dough(扁平狀的麵粉製品)
Cookie 餅乾,sweet biscuit
Crackers 餅乾
Pretzel crisp knot-shaped salted biscuits(扭結狀脆餅乾,點心)
Popcorn 爆玉米花,maize which bursts open when heated
Mousse dessert of whipped cream, eggs, flavored with fruit or chocolate (冷凍多泡沫含奶油的甜點)
Yogurt 酸奶酪(含乳酸菌可分解牛奶中的乳糖及蛋白質,幫助消化吸收,有些人喝牛奶會拉肚子,就是因體內缺乏代謝牛奶中乳糖的酵素所致)
Turnover pie made by folding pastry over a filing (含餡的捲餅)
Raisin 葡萄乾,dried grape
Pastry 糕點
Fudge Soft Sweet made of Milk, Sugar, Butter(牛奶,糖,牛奶油做成的軟甜漿,通常澆在冰淇淋上)
Parfait 冰凍點心,rich iced pudding of whipped cream, egg
Pudding 布丁,sweet cooked dishes (小麥粉加牛奶,蛋,果實)
Melt liquefied by heat(遇熱即化,入口即化之食物)
Shake 雞蛋攪拌牛奶之食品,又叫milk shake
Sundae 聖代,ice cream with fruit, nuts, syrup etc (冰淇淋上面加果實糖漿等)
Whip 1.beat or urge on with a whip, beat cream or egg into a froth(將奶油及蛋恨合後,用細棍攪打成泡沫狀

2.Whipped cream(起泡奶油)

Cone 圓錐狀的ice cream cornet (包冰淇淋用的糯米紙)
Twister 螺旋形的ice cream
Bowl 碗裝的shakes, malts, sundaes
Toster 筒裝的shakes, malts, sundaes
Malt 麥芽
Split 香蕉冰淇淋,dish of split bananas with ice cream
Caramel 焦糖,a burnt sugar or syrup as a flavoring or coloring
Toffee 牛奶糖,hard sweet made by sugar, butter(奶油及糖)
Fructose 寡糖,sugar in fruit(水果內的糖) 好處是可以提供體內乳酸菌生存之養份
Berry 1.any small roundish juicy stoneless fruit(圓形多汁小果)

2.fruit with its seeds enclosed in pulp (果肉)

3.strawberry(草莓), raspberry, blueberry, cranberry

Nut 堅果,fruit consisting of a hard or tough shell around an edible kernel(果肉週圍有硬殼),例如胡桃(Walnut),榛(Hazelnut),栗(Chestnut),腰果(Cashew nut, Kidney-shaped nuts),落花生(Peanut)等
Quesadilla 一種墨西哥酥餅
調味料
Condiment 佐料的總稱,seasoning or relish for food
Seasoning 調味料,something to enhance flavor to food, 例如salt, pepper等
Relish 調味料,something to add flavor to food
Sauce 調味醬,liquid or viscous condiment to food(液體狀或黏稠狀的調味料)
Dressing 澆在食物上面的調味醬,sauce or stuffing,例如Salad Dressings(沙拉醬)
Spread 塗在食物上面的調味醬,spreading on bread,例如butter(奶油)、strawberry cream(草莓果醬)等
Marinade 1.滷汁,mixture of wine, vinegar, oil, spice, etc. for soaking meat, fish before cooking(用在烹調)

2.marinated = soak in a marinade(浸泡於滷斗中)

Chive small plant with long onion flavored leaves蔥之一種
Chili 辣椒之一種,hot tasty dried red capsicum pod
Pepper 胡椒,hot aromatic condiment
Spice aromatic or pungent vegetable substance(香或刺激性的料),vegetable substances to add special taste to food
Mustard 1.芥茉,plane whose seeds have sharp and hot taste

2.a spicy condiment

Herb 香料植物之一種,plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavoring, food, medicine, scent etc
Savory 香料植物之一種,aromatic herb used in cooking
Dill 香料植物之一種,herb with aromatic leaves and seeds
Cinnamon 香料植物之一種,aromatic spice 
Cream 奶油,或乳皮,fatty part of milk which rises to the top
Butter 固體狀之奶油,solidified churned cream used as a spread and cooking(用為塗抹的調味醬或烹調)
Margarine 人造奶油,butter-substitute made from vegetable oils or animal fats with milk
Garlic 大蒜,plane of onion family with strong taste and smell
Vinegar 醋,sour liquid made from wine, beer, cider,例如rice vinegar, wine vinegar, white distilled vinegar
Corn starch 玉蜀黍澱粉
Lard 豬油,refined pig‘s fat used in cooking
Honey 蜂蜜,sweet sticky yellowish fluid made by bees
Syrup 糖漿,liquid made of sugar and fruit juices
Mayonnaise 美乃滋,a thick dressing or sauce made of oil, vinegar, egg-yolks(蛋黃,油,醋製成)
  Sweet‘N Low代糖品牌之一種

Equal代糖品牌之一種

●常見的Sauces (調味醬) :
 
Barbeque(BBQ) Sauce 烤肉醬

Sweet hot mustard 甜辣芥茉

Honey mustard 甜芥茉

Spicy brown mustard 辣的芥茉

Dijon mustard

Hot Sauce 辣醬

Soy sauce 醬油

Salt 鹽

Low Sodium 低鈉鹽

  Ketchup/Catchup 蕃茄醬

Jam 果醬

Salsa 墨西哥口味蕃茄醬

Steak sauce 牛排醬

A1 Sauce 牛排醬之一種

Chili Sauce 辣椒的一種

Honey sauce 蜂蜜醬

Caviar 魚子醬

Teriyaki 日本口味甜醬

●常見的沙拉醬Salad Dressings :
 
Blue cheese

Thousand Island

Ranch

  Italian

French

Honey Dijon

●常見的塗麵包的調味醬Spreads :
 
Butter

Cream Cheese

Plain

Sour cream

Garlic and Herb

  Jelly

Strawberry

Raisin & Walnut

Scallion青蔥

 
 
飲料
Drink 飲料,liquid for drinking
Beverage formal term of drink(飲料的正式用詞)
Formula Infant‘s food(嬰兒食用的接近母乳之配方)
Soda  soda water, effervescent water(含碳酸冒泡的水)
Wine 水果酒或葡萄酒,fermented(發酵的)drink made of fruit juice, esp. grape as alcoholic drink
Spirit 烈酒,strong distilled liquor(蒸餾產生的酒)
Beer 啤酒,alcoholic drink made from fermented malt 
Alcohol 酒精,colorless volatile inflammable liquid, intoxicant(使醉物)in wine, beer, spirit。
Liqueur 酒精飲料,strong and alcoholic drink
Cocktail 雞尾酒,mixture of various spirits and fruit juices(烈酒加果汁)usually shaken and iced(通常加冰塊)
Highball drink made of spirits soda, ice(烈酒加蘇打水加冰塊)
Draft beer 生啤酒,beer from the cask(木桶)not bottled or canned
Punch 混合飲料,wine or spirits mixed with water, fruit juices(水果酒混合水及果汁)
Cordial fruit flavored drink(水果味道的飲料)
Milk 奶,牛奶,liquid that animal feed their young
Tea 茶,drink made by infusing tea-leaves in boiling water(將茶葉浸泡開水中的飲料)
Juice 1.果汁,liquid of vegetables or fruits

2.Orange Juice, Apple Juice, Grape Juice, Soda Water

Coffee 1.咖啡,drink made from roasted and ground seeds of certain plant

2.flavors: Irish cream, American, Hazelnut, Amaretto, Vanilla, Mocha, Javamania

Espresso Coffee口味,strong black coffee under steam pressure
Mocha Coffee口味,coffee of fine quality阿拉伯咖啡
Cappuccino Coffee口味,frothy(泡沫狀) milky coffee

Spirits烈酒
 
Whisky 威士忌

Scotch (Whisky之一種)

Bourbon (Whisky之一種)

Johnnie Walker 

(Scotch Whisky之一種)

  Congnac (Brandy之一種)

Gin 琴酒

Vodka 伏特加

Rum 蘭姆酒

Brandy 白蘭地

Cognac 知名品牌,白蘭地之一種
 
Camus XO Super 

Remy Martin XO Special

Martell XO Supreme 

  Hennessy XO

Hennessy V.S.O.P.

Kelt XO Grande Champagne

Cocktails雞尾酒
 
Bloody Mary

Martini

Manhattan

Old Fashioned

Collins

Screwdrivur

B &B

Bloody Mary 

(Tomato Juice +Jin or Vodka)

Black Russian

Gin & Tonic

Manhattan

Lime (果實)

  Screwdriver (Vodka+Orange)

Tom Collins

Whisky & Water

Wine Cooler

Smirnoff Vodka

Tonic & Lime

Pina Colada

Margarita

Zombie

Gin (strong)

Vodka (strong)

Shake or on the rocks

Frozen

●Wines葡萄酒
 
Champagne香檳酒

Sherry 雪利酒

French white wine 白酒

  Vermouth 苦艾酒

Tequila墨西哥酒

French red wine 紅酒

Soft Drinks冷飲
 
Coca-Cola

Diet Coke

Shasta

Pepsi

Mountain Dew

Slice

7-Up

Sunkist

  A & W root beer

Sprite

Dr. Pepper

Distilled Water

Ice Cubes

Coffee

Tropicana

 
 
牛奶
FAT觀念:

Reduced-Fat, 少25% than

Light or Lite, 少50%

Low-Fat, 低於3 gram

Fat-Free, Nonfat, 0.5 gram

Cal是熱量單位Calories(卡路里)

Fat是脂肪,單位是gram(公克)

Chol是Cholesterol(膽固醇),單位是miligram(毫克)

Homogenized (全脂) 香濃可口

Low-Fat 2% (低脂) 味道尚可

Non-Fat 沒有香味,很難喝

Lactaid 幫助吸收,不拉肚子

  Calories Fat (gram) Cholesterol
Homogenized

Low fat 2%

Low fat 1%

Non fat

Chocolate low fat

Organic low fat

Organic non fat

Lactaid

150

130

120

90

170

120

80

8

5

2.5

0

2.5

2.5

0

35

25

10

5

10

15

5

 
 
蔬菜類
Lettuce 萵苣(Salad常用)

Spinach 菠菜

Cucumber 黃瓜

Tomato 蕃茄

Onion 洋蔥

Potato 馬鈴薯

Eggplant 茄子

Cabbage 高麗菜,甘藍菜

Green Pepper 青椒

Green Cabbage

Chinese Cabbage 大白菜

Broccoli 硬花甘藍菜

Green Onion 蔥

Parsley 芹菜

Daiken 白蘿蔔

Leek 韭菜

Radish 小羅蔔

Scallion 青蔥

Celery 芹菜

  Carrot 紅蘿蔔

Beet 甜菜

Asparagus 蘆筍

Cauliflower 花菜

Corn 玉蜀黍

Pea 碗豆

Pea Shoots 豆苗

Green Beans 四季豆

Pumpkin 南瓜

Bean sprouts 豆芽

Celery Hearts 芹菜心

Bamboo Shoots 竹筍

Long Beans 長形的豆

Squash 南瓜之一種

Mushrooms 蘑菇

Peppers 胡椒

Red Potato 紅色的馬鈴薯

Gold Potato 黃色的馬鈴薯

 
 
水果類
Grape 葡萄

Peach 水蜜桃

Watermelon 西瓜

Mango 芒果

Plum 李子

Kiwi 奇異果

Grapefruit 葡萄柚

Star Fruit 楊桃

Honeydew 香瓜

Papaya 木瓜

  Lemon 檸檬

Banana 香蕉

Strawberry 草莓

Melon 瓜

Peanut 花生

Walnut 核桃,胡桃果實

Chestnut 栗子

Avocado 酪梨

Pineapple 鳳梨

 

 

6.2 餐館字彙與會話
 
相關單字
Bartender 酒保

booth 西方式座位

busboy 收拾桌子的小弟

clear 收桌子

coaster 杯墊

cook 廚師

cork 軟木瓶塞

corkscrew 開軟木塞瓶鑽

check 帳單

  high chair 小孩椅

jukebox 投幣點唱機

menu 菜單

order 點菜

straw 吸管

tray 大盤子

waiter 服務生

waitress 女服務生

 
 
Plain Simple,什麼配料也不加
Deli Delicatessen的縮寫, cooked meats, cheeses etc(已煮熟的肉,沙拉,魚,香腸,臘腸等)
Gravy 肉汁,Juices exuding (滲出)from meat during and after cooking
Pliau or Pilaf 印第安食物,rice boiled with meat, vegetables(肉飯)
Original 原味(例如KFC不用炸的雞)
Chowder 濃湯a thick soup made of clams, fish, pork with potatoes, onions, biscuits, milk etc.
Chunky thick piece(肉,麵包等厚塊)
Crunchy hard and crispy(硬脆一咬就碎)
Crispy 脆,hard and brittle
Frozen 凍狀
Dip 要自己沾醬或佐料吃的東西,例如French Dip
Fajitas 墨西哥式鐵板燒
Plate large flat dish (直接盛菜盤子)or plate (木製托盤)
Veggie 素食,Vegetarian的縮寫
Gourmet 美食,connoisseur of good food(expert food judge)
Fiesta holiday, festivity, religious festival節日,假日
Sierra long jagged mountain chain0呈齒狀起伏的山脈
Stuffing seasoned food to be put in a fish, meat etc. before cooking(在烹飪前塞在魚或肉中的配料)
BBQ 1.Barbecue的簡寫, a meal cooked over charcoal(放在木炭上燒的肉)

2.out of door activity室外烤肉活動

 

 
 
食物烹飪法
Bake cook food by heat(烘、烤、焙)
Boil cook food in boiling water(水煮)
Broil direct contact with the fire(直接燒烤)
Fry cook food in boiling fat(食物放入沸油中炸)
Grill cook meat over fire on grill(放在架上燒烤)
Poach Break eggs it into boiling water(蛋打入沸水中)
Roast cook meat in an oven or by open fire(燒烘)
Saute 快煎,嫩煎Fried quickly and lightly in a little fat
Steam 蒸cook by steam用水蒸汽煮熱食物
Scramble cook eggs by stirring them in a pan over heat(將蛋打在平底鍋,再用鍋鏟攪拌,類似炒蛋)
Stew 燉Cook by boiling in a closed dish or pan

●食物烹飪前之處理方法
 
Chop 剁碎

Grind 磨碾

Mince 剁碎

Marinate 浸滷汁

Peel 削

  Pound 搗

Bast 浸泡

Slice 切片

Flavored 加調味料

Cut 切

 
 
既成食品
Sandwich 三明治,two or more slices of bread with a filling (兩塊麵包夾肉、菜及其他配料的食物),因所夾肉不同而有Chicken Sandwich,Fish Sandwich等
Hamburger 1.漢堡,cake (平扁圓狀)of chopped(剁碎)beef, usually eaten in a soft bread roll (碎牛肉餅)

2.A Sandwich filled with chopped beef (夾碎牛肉餅的三明治)

3.簡稱Burger, 用來當字根,製造其他單字,例如Cheese burger, Bacon Cheeseburger等

Club 較大的Sandwich,三層麵包夾兩片肉及菜
Coleslaw dressed salad of sliced raw cabbage(甘藍菜、捲心菜沙拉)
Nachos Tortilla chip topped with melted cheese and spices(一片片小的玉蜀黍餅乾,上面澆上融化的Cheese)
Omelet beaten eggs fried and folded round a savory filling(煎蛋捲,蛋皮內包的東西五花八門)
Pizza Italian dish of a layer of dough baked with toppings(一大片餅皮上面放一大堆配料,拿去烘烤)
Salad 沙拉,Cold mixture of vegetables, then with a dressing(主要是一些蔬菜配在一起的冷盤,上面再澆沙拉醬)
Sub Submarine的縮寫,麵包是長條型的Sandwich
Taco Mexican dish of meat in a folded tortilla(用玉蜀黍或麥做的餅,將肉或菜包起來的墨西哥式食物)
Burrito 用tortilla包肉或菜的墨西哥食物,類似春捲

Hamburger原來祇是碎牛肉煎成的餅,與德國大城市同名,可能是因為1800s年代德國移民將碎牛肉煎餅帶到美國之故。而將Hamburger以麵包夾起來的三明治速食,起始於1900s年代的美國中西部,因此Hamburger就成了麵包夾碎牛肉餅的食物了。

●夾碎牛肉餅的Sandwich,叫做Hamburger(漢堡),但夾其他肉類的Sandwich不叫Hamburger,而叫某某三明治,例如夾雞肉的Chicken Sandwich,夾魚肉的Fish Sandwich,夾火雞肉的Turkey Sandwich,夾牛肉片(是牛肉,但不是碎牛肉餅)的Beef Sandwich(美國Arby‘s速食店賣的是Roast Beef Sandwich)

●Hamburger是Sandwich之一種,專指麵包夾碎牛肉餅;反之,Sandwich不是Hamburger,Sandwich有很多種,凡是麵包夾肉類的速食,都叫做Sandwich;所以中文「雞堡」是Chicken Sandwich,而不是Chickenburger,把雞肉與牛肉夾在一起,甚麼味道?

 

 

●速食配料 :
 
Pickle Vegetables preserved in salt water, vinegar即泡菜,例如relish pickle, sweet pickles, dill pickles(美國以泡黃瓜為主,因此稱為酸黃瓜)
Cheese 乾酪,Food made from curds of milk (凝固之牛乳)
Swiss Swiss cheese(乾酪之一種)
Cheddar cheddar cheese(乾酪之一種)
Mozzarella Italian curd cheese from buffalo milk(義大利乾酪)
Parmesan 乾酪之一種
Jalapeno 一種青辣椒

 
 
西餐館字彙
Supreme 最高級的highest,最好的greatest
Specialty 招牌菜
‘N 即AND
w/ 即With,配料
Jr. Junior 小些的意思
Cordon Bleu 最高級烹飪術(法文)
Fillet 切片的魚肉,牛肉等
Curly 捲曲形狀的
Meal 套餐
Regular 一般的,中的(medium) size
Deluxe 豪華餐
Whopper something big of its kind(大一些的)
Tender
Appetizers 餐前開胃小菜
Aperitif 餐前開胃酒
Buffet all you can eat(吃到飽)
Brunch breakfast & lunch(早餐與中餐的合併)
Combo Combination縮寫,套餐,超值餐
Entree 主菜,又叫Entree Course, Main dishes, Main course
Finger Foods 手指直接接觸到食物,也就是沒有用紙包著
Plates 淺底的大盤,速食店用
Side 副菜,例如corns, cole slaw, mashed potatoes
Nuggets lump of gold, compact shapeless mass(金黃色塊狀)

●常見的Salad
 
Caesar salad

Chicken Salad

Monte Carlo Salad

All American Salad

Ranch Salad

  Euro Spinach Salad

Green Salad

Macaroni Salad

Sonoma Salad

Parisian Salad

●西式早餐
 
Ham 火腿

Sausage 西式香腸

Hash Brown 薯餅

Biscuit 麵包之一種

Muffin 麵包之一種

Hot Cake

  Scrambled Eggs 西式炒蛋

Fried Eggs 炒蛋

Poached Eggs 蛋花

(breaking egg into boiling water)

Boiled Eggs 白煮蛋

Omelet 煎蛋捲

 
 
中餐館字彙
Pot Sticker 鍋貼

Egg Roll 春捲

Won Ton 餛飩

Hot & Sour Soup 酸辣湯

Lo Mein 撈麵

Chow Mein炒麵

Poultry 雞鴨肉類

Rice & Noodles 飯麵類

  Egg Drop Soup 蛋花湯

Fried Rice 炒飯

Steamed Rice 白飯

Sizzling Platters 鐵板燒

Sauteed Vegetables 炒青菜

Assorted Casserole 什錦砂鍋

Seafood 海鮮類

 

 
 
餐館會話例句

●服務員的問話

How do you want it Cooked? (通常是服務員問客人,牛排要幾分熟)

How many in a table? (服務員問進門的客人,有幾個人?)

How do you like your Coffee? (服務員問客人,要什麼樣的咖啡)

Decaffeinated, please (客人要不含咖啡因的咖啡)

For here or to go 這裡吃或外帶?

White or Wheat? (服務員問客人要白麵包或加麥的麵包?)

Baked potato, Mashed potato, or fries? (西餐副食的選擇)

Is everything OK? (服務員問客人)

What kind flavor you want? 要什麼樣的口味?

May I take your order? (服務員問客人,準備點餐了嗎?)

Are you through? (服務員問客人,吃完了嗎?)

Sides order? (服務員問客人,西式的副菜,例如Cole slaw)

Do you want everything on your Hamburger? 你要所有配料嗎?

What flavor ? 什麼口味?

How would you like your Steak? (請問牛排要幾分熟?)

●客人點餐或要求的話

Give us a few minutes, please 等一下好嗎?(客人尚未準備好)

I like to have a Sirloin Steak, please? 我要牛排

Double Cheese Burger, No onions, Please 不要洋蔥

Everything but onions, please 除了洋蔥外,全要

A six-piece Chicken Nuggets, please 六塊的雞塊餐

A small Coca, and a NO. 1 Meal, please 一號餐,外加一杯可樂

Check, please 買單

Could I have a refill? 可以續杯嗎?

Could we share this table? (桌子不夠,問別人可不可以一起坐?)

I‘m on a diet 我在節食

Not yet (客人說還沒吃完)

●回答牛排幾分熟的種類有五種

rare (生的)

medium rare (三分熟)

medium (五分熟)

medium well (七分熟)

well-done (全熟)

●客人對食物的抱怨

It’s not fresh 不新鮮

It’s not cooked 沒煮熟

It’s overdone 過熟了

It’s burned 燒焦了

It’s too tough 太硬了

It’s still raw 還是生的

It’s cold 這是冷的

It’s not my order 這不是我點的

back to top

 
 
Order Pizza

Pizza Specialties
 
Supreme 什錦

Super Supreme 超級什錦

New York 

Gourmet Hawaiian 

  Chicken & Garlic Gourmet

Gourmet Veggie 素食

King Arthur‘s Supreme

Italian Garlic Supreme

台灣Pizza Hut的翻譯

Veggie (鄉野蔬菜)

Super Supreme (超級什錦)

Supreme (六小福)

Hand Tossed (勁拋pizza,香Q有勁)

Thin‘N Crispy (薄脆pizza,道地香脆)

Stuffed Crust (鬆厚pizza,滴滴香酥)

Pizza Crust 外皮
 
Deep Dish 厚皮

(full-inch thick, Pan Pizza)

Thin Crust 薄皮

Hand Tossed 厚皮

  Pesto

Stuffed Spinach

Pan Pizza (用Pan盛裝)

Pizza Size 尺寸
 
Large 14" (3-4人用)

Jombo 16"~20"

  Medium 12" (2-3人)

Large Deluxe 16"~20"

Pizza Toppings 配料
 
Pepperoni 義大利臘腸

Green Peppers 青椒

Pineapple 鳳梨

Italian Sausage 意大利香腸

Ham 火腿

Jalapenos Peppers

Mushrooms 香菇

Extra Cheese 外加Cheese

Anchovy 魚

  Black Olives 黑橄欖

Tomatoes 蕃茄

Onions 洋蔥

Pork 豬肉

Beef 牛肉

Double Cheese 雙倍量的

Chicken 雞肉

Bacon 燻肉

Salami 意大利臘腸

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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